| 2003 |
Davenport CF, Elley KM, Fry-Smith A, Taylor-Weetman CL, Taylor RS |
The effectiveness of routine dental checks: a systematic review of the evidence base |
Br Dent J 2003; 195(2): 87-98; |
prevention |
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| 2003 |
Kallestal C, Norlund A, Soder B, Nordenram G, Dahlgren H, Petersson LG, Lagerlof F, Axelsson S, Lingstrom P, Mejare I, Holm AK, Twetman S |
Economic evaluation of dental caries prevention: a systematic review |
Acta Odontol Scand 2003; 61(6): 341-6 |
caries prevention |
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| 2003 |
Davenport C, Elley K, Salas C, Taylor-Weetman CL, Fry-Smith A, Bryan S, Taylor R |
The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of routine dental checks: a systematic review and economic evaluation. |
Health Technol Assess 2003; 7(7): iii-v, 1-127 |
Prevention |
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Medline |
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| 2001 |
Poulsen S, Errboe M, Hovgaard O, Worthington HW |
Potassium nitrate toothpaste for dentine hypersensitivity. |
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001; (2): CD001476 |
Prevention |
BACKGROUND: Dentine hypersensitivity may be defined as the pain arising from exposed dentine, typically in response to external stimuli, and which cannot be explained by any other form of dental disease. Many treatment regimes have been recommended over the years, and in recent years particular attention has been focused on toothpastes containing potassium nitrate. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of potassium nitrate containing toothpastes with placebo toothpastes in reducing dentine hypersensitivity. SEARCH STRATEGY: The following databases were cross searched via the database host DIALOG: MEDLINE, EMBASE, ELSEVIER BIOBASE, BIOSIS PREVIEWS, CAB HEALTH, SCI SEARCH, CURRENT CONTENTS until 1 April 2000. The specialised Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register was also searched. Bibliographies of clinical studies and reviews identified in the electronic search were checked for studies published outside the electronically searched journals. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) in which the effect on dentine hypersensitivity of potassium nitrate toothpastes were tested against non-potassium nitrate containing placebo toothpastes. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two of the reviewers independently recorded the results of the included trials using a specially designed chart. Sensitivity was assessed by using thermal, tactile, air blast, and subjective methods. The quality of all RCTs, that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, was acceptable with Jadad scores ranging from 3 to 4 (Jadad 1998). MAIN RESULTS: Out of the eight studies that initially fulfilled the criteria to be included in the review, four studies did not present mean and standard deviations and could thus not be included in the meta-analysis. Three of these did not show an effect on any of the measurements of dentine hypersensitivity, while one did. Four studies were included in the meta-analysis which showed statistically significant effect of potassium nitrate toothpaste on air blast and tactile sensitivity, e.g. the meta analysis of air blast sensitivity showed a standardized mean difference in sensitivity score of -1.51 (95% CI: -2.09 to -0.94) in favour of treatment. The subjective assessment failed to show a significant effect at the six to eight week assessment. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: No strong evidence is available supporting the efficacy of potassium nitrate toothpaste for dentine hypersensitivity. |
Medline |
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| 2001 |
Bader JD, Shugars DA, Bonito AJ |
A systematic review of selected caries prevention and management methods. |
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 29(6): 399-411, 2001 |
caries prevention |
A systematic review of the periodic scientific literature was undertaken to determine the strength of the evidence for the efficacy of professional caries preventive methods applied to high risk individuals, and the efficacy of professionally applied methods to arrest or reverse non-cavitated carious lesions. An initial search identified 1435 articles, of which 27 were eventually included in the review. Among the 22 studies addressing the prevention of carious lesions in caries-active or high risk individuals, the strength of the evidence was judged to be fair for fluoride varnishes and insufficient for all other methods. Among the seven studies addressing the management of non-cavitated carious lesions, the strength of the evidence for efficacy was judged to be insufficient for all methods. The results do not indicate that the preventive and management methods reviewed are not efficacious; rather, they demonstrate that not enough is known to determine the efficacy of the methods. Suggestions for strengthening the limited evidence base involve the following: i) increasing the number of studies that examine prevention among high risk individuals and non-surgical management of non-cavitated lesions, ii) including a wider variety of subject ages, iii) targeting aspects of the efficacy questions not yet addressed, iv) strengthening research methods employed in the studies, and v) reporting methods and outcomes more completely. |
Medline |
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| 2001 |
Clarkson BH, Rafter ME |
Emerging methods used in the prevention and repair of carious tissues. |
J Dent Educ 2001; 65(10): 1114-20 |
caries prevention |
A systematic review was undertaken to investigate four emerging methodologies that might be used in the prevention of caries and/or repair of carious tissues. These included a partitioned dentifrice, laser technology, fluoride-releasing dental materials, and for deep carious lesions, bone morphogenic protein (BMP) therapy. The search strategy was to review articles written in English, indexed in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases and published since 1976. Over two hundred articles were read but because of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only thirty-three were included in the evidence tables. The review of partitioned toothpaste showed either a greater remineralizing effect or a greater increase in the resistance to demineralization of both enamel and dentin, with the exception of its lack of effectiveness on coronal caries in the only clinical trial. Five of the six in vitro studies on enamel and the one study on dentin reported that lased tissue was less soluble than nonlased. Six clinical and four in situ studies were reviewed in answering the question as to whether fluoride-releasing restorative materials increase the remineralization or resistance to demineralization of human enamel and dentin. Eight of these reported positive findings. Six animal studies investigating BMP were reviewed, and all showed the ability of BMP to induce tubular dentin formation. Although the laboratory, animal, and limited clinical trials report encouraging results, independent, randomized, controlled clinical trials need to be carried out before these emerging technologies can be recommended for use in general practice. |
Medline |
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| 2000 |
McNeill HE |
Biting back at poor oral hygiene |
Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2000; 16(6): 367-72 |
prevention |
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| 2000 |
Loe H |
Oral hygiene in the prevention of caries and periodontal disease |
Int Dent J 2000; 50(3): 129-39 |
prevention |
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| 2000 |
Kanellis MJ |
Caries risk assessment and prevention: strategies for Head Start, Early Head Start, and WIC. |
J Public Health Dent 2000; 60(3): 210-7 |
caries prevention |
OBJECTIVES: This review updates the evidence regarding caries risk assessment for infants, toddlers, and preschool children and formulates recommendations for preventive strategies for WIC, Head Start, and Early Head Start. METHODS: Literature on caries risk assessment and preventive strategies for infants, toddlers, and preschool children were reviewed and synthesized. Recommendations for WIC, Head Start, and Early Head Start were made based on the review. RESULTS: Individual caries risk for children in WIC, Head Start, and Early Head Start should be based on: (1) previous caries experience, (2) precavity lesions, (3) visible plaque, and (4) perceived risk by examiners. Recommended preventive strategies for WIC and Head Start populations include: (1) daily toothbrushing in Head Start centers using fluoridated toothpaste; (2) fluoride varnish application to children enrolled in WIC, Head Start, and Early Head Start; (3) use of chlorhexidine gels and varnishes (following FDA approval); and (4) increased use of sealants on children with precavity pit and fissure lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Early screening, risk assessment, and preventive programs in WIC, Head Start, and Early Head Start populations hold a great deal of promise for preventing dental decay in high-risk children. |
Medline |
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| 1998 |
Kay EJ |
Caries prevention--based on evidence? Or an act of faith? |
Br Dent J 1998; 185(9): 432-3 |
prevention |
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| 1998 |
Kay E, Locker D |
A systematic review of the effectiveness of health promotion aimed at improving oral health. |
Community Dent Health 1998; 15(3): 132-44 |
Prevention |
OBJECTIVE: To examine the quality of oral health promotion research evidence and to assess the effectiveness of health promotion, aimed at improving oral health using a systematic and scientifically defensible methodology. BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN: Systematic review of oral health promotion research evidence using electronic searching, iterative hand-searching, critical appraisal and data synthesis. CLINICAL SETTING: The settings of the primary research reviewed were clinical, community, schools or other institutions. The participants were children, the elderly, adults and people with handicaps and disabilities. INTERVENTIONS: Only studies which reported an evaluative component were included. Theoretical and purely descriptive papers were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The review examined the evidence of effectiveness of oral health promotion on caries, oral hygiene, oral health related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. RESULTS: Very few definitive conclusions about the effectiveness of oral health promotion can be drawn from the currently available evidence. Caries and periodontal disease can be controlled by regular toothbrushing with a fluoride toothpaste but a cost-effective method for reliably promoting such behaviour has not yet been established. Knowledge levels can almost always be improved by oral health promotion initiatives but whether these shifts in knowledge and attitudes can be causally related to changes in behaviour or clinical indices of disease has also not been established. CONCLUSIONS: Oral health promotion which brings about the use of fluoride is effective for reducing caries. Chairside oral health promotion has been shown to be effective more consistently than other methods of health promotion. Mass media programmes have not been shown to be effective. The quality of oral health promotion evaluation research needs to be improved. |
Medline |
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| 1997 |
Kay EJ, Locker D |
Effectiveness of oral health promotion: a review. |
Health Promotion Effectiveness Review 1997; 7: 1-88 ISBN 0 7521 1039 X |
Prevention |
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| 1996 |
Sprod A, Anderson R, Treasure ET |
Effective Oral Health Promotion. Literature Review. |
Health Promotion Wales Technical Report 20, 1996 |
Prevention |
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| 1996 |
Kay EJ, Locker D |
Is dental health education effective? A systematic review of current evidence. |
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1996; 24(4): 231-5 |
Prevention |
In order that health service resources are allocated in the way which most benefits the population, systematic review of the available evidence regarding the effectiveness of programmes and interventions are required. This study examined papers relating to dental health education interventions, which were published between 1982 and 1994 (n = 143). Each was scored by two independent researchers according to twenty predetermined validity criteria. For each paper which achieved a validity score of more than 12 (n = 37), data concerning the objectives of the intervention, the types and numbers of participants, and the outcomes, were extracted from the article. Where sufficient data were provided in a paper which met more than 15 of the validity criteria quantitative meta-analysis was carried out i.e. the results of the studies were pooled in order to calculate an overall intervention effect with confidence intervals. This combination of qualitative and quantitative review techniques showed that dental health interventions have: a small positive, but temporary effect on plaque accumulation (reduction in plaque index = 0.37 95% CI -0.29-0.59); no discernible effect on caries increment and a consistent positive effect on knowledge levels. The results of this analysis suggest that further efforts to synthesise current information about dental health education, in a systematic way, are required, along with maintenance of rigorous scientific standards in evaluation research. |
Medline |
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| 1995 |
Lewis DW, Ismail AI |
Periodic health examination, 1995 update: 2. Prevention of dental caries. The Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination |
CMAJ 1995 15; 152(6): 836-46 |
caries prevention |
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